![]() Gasquet I, Haro JM, Novick D, Edgell ET, Kennedy L, Lepine JP, et al. Humanistic burden in schizophrenia: a literature review. Millier A, Schmidt U, Angermeyer MC, Chauhan D, Murthy V, Toumi M, et al. Transferability of indirect cost of chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2019 17:25 Predictors of response to rTMS treatment in depression is discussed here. Predictors of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: a review of recent updates. ![]() The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: Identification of various predictors will guide clinicians in the appropriate selection of rTMS to target auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Various factors predict the response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the management of resistant auditory hallucination. Commonly, low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used in the treatment of medication-resistant auditory hallucination. It is found to be due to abnormal hyperactivity of the neurons at the temporo-parietal junction of dominant hemisphere. Persistent auditory hallucination resistant to pharmacotherapy (antipsychotic treatment) is a therapeutic challenge. Despite adequate pharmacotherapy, a considerable number of patients remain symptomatic, for which brain stimulation (neuromodulation) techniques like electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are being increasingly used. Antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a chronic, highly disabling, severe mental illness. Furthermore, based on our simulation results, we propose potential pathology by which A1 can directly contribute to auditory hallucination.Ībnormal gamma rhythms, cholinergic modulation Computational models Inhibitory cell types Schizophrenia.This review aims to discuss the role of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in schizophrenia for the management of persistent auditory hallucination, along with the predictors of response. In this study, we utilized a computational model of A1 to ask if disrupted cholinergic modulation could underlie abnormal gamma rhythms in schizophrenia. Moreover, A1 receives top-down signals in the gamma frequency band from an adjacent association area (Par2), and cholinergic modulation regulates interactions between A1 and Par2. Such activation pattern of A1 responses during auditory hallucination is consistent with aberrant gamma rhythms in schizophrenia observed during auditory tasks, raising the possibility that the pathology underlying abnormal gamma rhythms can account for auditory hallucination. When auditory stimuli are absent, A1 becomes hyperactive, while A1 responses to auditory stimuli are reduced. The pathophysiology of auditory hallucination, a common symptom of schizophrenia, has yet been understood, but during auditory hallucination, primary auditory cortex (A1) shows paradoxical responses.
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